「DTD」の編集履歴(バックアップ)一覧はこちら
「DTD」(2006/11/21 (火) 21:40:16) の最新版変更点
追加された行は緑色になります。
削除された行は赤色になります。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
①</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">Title</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、スキーマ言語について</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -63pt; mso-char-indent-count: -6.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">
<font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
②用語記述:</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">SGML</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">HTML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XHTML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAXNG</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XMLSchema</font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -63pt; mso-char-indent-count: -6.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century"><font size=
"3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
<font size="3">③解説:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><a id="OLE_LINK1" name=
"OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century" size=
"3">DTD(DocumentTypeDefinition)</font></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""><font face="Wingdings" size=
"3">/</font> </span> <font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
目的:「文書型定義」の略。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">SGML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">で文書を記述する際、その文書中でどのようなタグや属性が使われているかを定義したもの。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では文書は必ず</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">に従って作成される必要があるが、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">は必ずしも必要ではない。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
メリット:他のスキーマ言語と同様に、</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></font> <font size=
"3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
においても、文書構造を厳密に定義することによって、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の技術を利用する際の、処理の正確性や安全性を高めることができる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span>
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文書処理を支援するライブラリの多くは、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span>
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文書が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span></font><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"><font size="3">による文書構造に従っているかどうかを検証する機能を備えている。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">もともとは</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">のスキーマ言語として開発され、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
から派生した</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
においても、スキーマ言語として採用されている。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">例えば、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の応用技術である</span>
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">HTML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
や、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の応用技術である</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XHTML</font></span></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
では、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">DTD</font></span></span></font> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
<font size=
"3">によって文書構造が定義されている。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
<br style=
"mso-special-character: line-break"></span></span></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
今後:現在では、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">技術を利用する場合には、スキーマ言語として</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">を採用するケースは少なくなる傾向にある。</span>
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
が勧告された後、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">DTD</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
に対してはいくつかの欠点(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
の文法とは異なる文法を採用している、</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">名前空間に対応していない</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">データ型が定義できない</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">など)が問題として指摘されてきたためである。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">そのため、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">技術は広く普及したものの、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の欠点が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span></font><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"><font size="3">技術を柔軟に活用する際の障害の一つとなっていた。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">この問題を解決するために、新たなスキーマ言語として</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAXNG</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XMLSchema</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">などが開発され、それらを採用する事例が増えている。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
補足:尚、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文法に則った文書のことを</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">well-formedXMLdocument</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">【整形式の</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">文書】と呼び、さらに個別の</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">毎にパーサを用いて確認された文書のことを</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">validXMLdocument</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"> 【妥当な</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">文書】と呼ぶ。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century"><font size=
"3"><br></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
スキーマ言語(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">Schema)</font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
定義:スキーマ言語(スキーマげんご)とは</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">等で文書を作成する際、その文書構造を定義する言語を言う。</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">「スキーマ」とは本来データベースの構造定義であり、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RDB</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の場合はテーブルの各項目のデータ型、他のテーブルとの関連性などを定義したものを指す。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">文書等では、同様に</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">で作成された各要素の互いの関連性や個々の文書全体での位置付け等の定義を指す。</span></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
説明:本来、文書は構成要素の集合体であるが、一定の構造を持たなければ単なる要素の寄せ集めでしかなく、規則性や体裁といった構造を得て初めて意味のある有用な文書となる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">は文書の各要素を作成するメタ言語であり、文書構造自体を定義する事はできない為、このままでは扱いにくい。そこで構造を定義する言語が必要となり、開発されたのがスキーマ言語である。</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">例えば、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">がスキーマ言語として使用されていた。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">から派生した関係から</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">でも</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">が使用されていたが、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">は文法が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">と全く異なっている事や、要素のデータ型を定義する事ができない事等から、新たに</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XMLSchema</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAX</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">(現</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAXNG</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">)が開発されている。</span></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
④</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">Reference</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">:</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang=
"EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><font face=
"Century"> </font></span></span> <span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"">IT用語辞典e-WORDs</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://e-words.jp/"><font face="Century" size=
"3">http://e-words.jp/</font></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang=
"EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><font face=
"Century"> </font></span></span> <span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
2.フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">Wikipedia</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">)』</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-tab-count: 1"> </span> <span style=
"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></font> <a href=
"http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%A1%C3%A3%C2%82%C2%A4%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%B3%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%9A%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%BC%C3%A3%C2%82%C2%B8">
<font size="3"><font face=
"Century">http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/</font><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">メインページ</span></font></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century"><font size=
"3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -53.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: -5.14; mso-char-indent-size: 10.45pt">
<font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
⑤作成者:山田浩司-</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">20060925</font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size=
"3"><font face="Century"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
①</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">Title</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">について</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -63pt; mso-char-indent-count: -6.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">
<font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
②用語記述:</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">SGML</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">HTML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XHTML</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAXNG</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XMLSchema</font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 63pt; TEXT-INDENT: -63pt; mso-char-indent-count: -6.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century"><font size=
"3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
<font size="3">③解説:</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><a id="OLE_LINK1" name=
"OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century" size=
"3">DTD(DocumentTypeDefinition)</font></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""><font face="Wingdings" size=
"3">/</font> </span> <font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
目的:「文書型定義」の略。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">SGML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">で文書を記述する際、その文書中でどのようなタグや属性が使われているかを定義したもの。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では文書は必ず</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">に従って作成される必要があるが、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">は必ずしも必要ではない。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
メリット:他のスキーマ言語と同様に、</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></font> <font size=
"3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
においても、文書構造を厳密に定義することによって、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の技術を利用する際の、処理の正確性や安全性を高めることができる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文書処理を支援するライブラリの多くは、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文書が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span></font><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"><font size="3">による文書構造に従っているかどうかを検証する機能を備えている。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">もともとは</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">のスキーマ言語として開発され、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">から派生した</span>
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
においても、スキーマ言語として採用されている。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">例えば、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">SGML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の応用技術である</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">HTML</font></span></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
や、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の応用技術である</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XHTML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">では、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span></font>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
<font size=
"3">によって文書構造が定義されている。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break">
<br style=
"mso-special-character: line-break"></span></span></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
今後:現在では、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">技術を利用する場合には、スキーマ言語として</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">を採用するケースは少なくなる傾向にある。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
が勧告された後、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">DTD</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
に対してはいくつかの欠点(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></span> <span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
の文法とは異なる文法を採用している、</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">名前空間に対応していない</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">データ型が定義できない</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">など)が問題として指摘されてきたためである。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">そのため、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">技術は広く普及したものの、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の欠点が</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span></font><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"><font size="3">技術を柔軟に活用する際の障害の一つとなっていた。</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">この問題を解決するために、新たなスキーマ言語として</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">RELAXNG</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">や</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XMLSchema</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">などが開発され、それらを採用する事例が増えている。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 108pt; TEXT-INDENT: -72pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings"><font size="3">/<span style=
"FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman""> </span> <font size=
"3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
補足:尚、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">XML</font></span></font><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">の文法に則った文書のことを</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">well-formedXMLdocument</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">【整形式の</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">文書】と呼び、さらに個別の</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">DTD</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">毎にパーサを用いて確認された文書のことを</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">validXMLdocument</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century"> 【妥当な</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century">XML</font></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">文書】と呼ぶ。</span></span></font></font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
④</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">Reference</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">:</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang=
"EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><font face=
"Century"> </font></span></span> <span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"">IT用語辞典e-WORDs</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://e-words.jp/"><font face="Century" size=
"3">http://e-words.jp/</font></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang=
"EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"><font face=
"Century"> </font></span></span> <span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
2.フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(</span><span lang=
"EN-US"><font face="Century">Wikipedia</font></span><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">)』</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><span style=
"mso-tab-count: 1"> </span> <span style=
"mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></font> <a href=
"http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%A1%C3%A3%C2%82%C2%A4%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%B3%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%9A%C3%A3%C2%83%C2%BC%C3%A3%C2%82%C2%B8">
<font size="3"><font face=
"Century">http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/</font><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">メインページ</span></font></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">
<span lang="EN-US"><font face="Century"><font size=
"3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century"><font size="3"><br></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=
"MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt 53.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -53.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: -5.14; mso-char-indent-size: 10.45pt">
<font size="3"><span style=
"FONT-FAMILY: "MS 明朝"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-font-family: Century">
⑤作成者:山田浩司-</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face=
"Century">20060925</font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0mm 0mm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size=
"3"><font face="Century"><br></font></font></span></p>